TFP Bureau, New Delhi; April 6, 2024: India is poised for a significant surge in hydroelectric power capacity, with projects totaling 15 GW currently under construction. The country’s hydro capacity is projected to escalate from the current 42 GW to an impressive 67 GW by 2031-32, signifying a remarkable increase of more than 50% from the present capacity.
The Indian Meteorological Department’s optimistic forecast of higher rainfall in the upcoming financial year bodes well for the replenishment of water reservoir levels. Notably, hydropower projects situated in the Himalayan region receive a crucial base flow from snowmelt, making them particularly responsive to temperature variations that impact snowmelt contribution.
Furthermore, amidst India’s ongoing energy transition, the development of Pumped Storage Projects (PSPs) assumes paramount importance. These projects, also known as ‘the Water Battery,’ are instrumental in providing grid inertia and balancing power, thus complementing modern clean energy systems effectively.
Presently, PSPs with a collective capacity of 2.7 GW are under construction, with an additional 50 GW in various stages of development. Projections indicate that PSP capacity is set to soar from 4.7 GW to approximately 55 GW by 2031-32.
Factors Contributing to Hydro Power Generation Fluctuations:
The decline in hydro power generation witnessed in 2023-24 cannot be solely attributed to reduced rainfall. While the southern region, contributing approximately 22% to total hydro energy generation, experienced lower rainfall, natural disasters wreaked havoc on hydroelectric projects in the Northern and Eastern regions, which account for over 60% of total hydro energy generation. Flash floods in Himachal Pradesh and the Eastern region disrupted operations, resulting in a significant drop in generation.
Potential for Reservoir Capacity Replenishment:
Despite diminished reservoir levels due to lighter rainfall since 2018, the government remains cautiously optimistic. The Indian Meteorological Department’s prediction of a good monsoon in FY 2024-25 offers hope for a reversal of this trend and the replenishment of reservoir capacities.
Moreover, the current downturn in hydro power generation may be temporary rather than indicative of a prolonged decline, given the variable hydrology of river basins.
Hydroelectric Power’s Role in India’s Energy Landscape:
As India transitions towards cleaner energy sources, including solar and wind power, hydroelectricity continues to play a vital role. With its ability to provide essential peaking support to the electricity grid, hydroelectric power enhances the reliability and resilience of the power system, particularly during peak demand periods.
Hydro Power Development Amidst Challenges:
Despite facing challenges such as natural calamities and contractual disputes, India remains committed to accelerating hydro power development. Aligning with ambitious targets outlined in the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) under the COP Paris agreement, India aims to achieve significant progress in hydro power capacity expansion.
Rapid Growth in Renewable Energy Capacity:
India’s renewable energy capacity has witnessed remarkable growth in recent years, exceeding commitments made at COP 21 Paris Summit. With a clear focus on achieving renewable energy targets, India is actively pursuing the expansion of non-fossil fuel-based energy resources, thus spearheading the transition towards a sustainable energy future.
By embracing hydroelectric power expansion and advancing renewable energy initiatives, India is poised to cement its position as a global leader in clean energy adoption and sustainable development.
